The approximate boundaries of Comancheria and its raiding hinterland in Mexico. The new country had no resources to continue paying tribute to the Comanche and was embroiled in domestic political disputes rather than paying attention to troubles on its northern frontier. The mutually beneficial relationship between Spaniards and Comanches began to come apart in 1821 when Mexico won its independence from Spain. The Spanish welcomed the Comanche as an ally against the Apache, forgave their transgressions, traded manufactured items and corn to them for horses, captives, and buffalo meat, and showered them with gifts. Peace treaties were concluded with their eastern bands by Pedro Vial in 1785 and their western bands in 1786. Conflicts led to punitive expedition by Juan Bautista de Anza in 1779, resulting a battle in eastern Colorado in which the Comanche leader Greenhorn was killed. The Comanche came to the attention of the Spanish in the province Santa Fe de Nuevo México ( New Mexico) in 1706.
They sometimes granted hunting rights to other tribes, such as the Wichita. In the early nineteenth century, more than 10,000 Comanches shared this land, called Comancheria, with 2,000 Kiowa and Plains Apache (Kiowa Apache). The Comanche considered themselves owners of a 500-by-400-mile (800 by 640 km) block of land that stretched from the Arkansas River in Colorado to near the Rio Grande in Texas. Army General James Wilkinson, the Comanche were "the most powerful nation of savages on this continent." That power would be amply demonstrated as the United States and the newly independent country of Mexico contested ownership of Texas and much of the area now known as the Southwest of the U.S. The Comanche were finally defeated by the United States Army in 1875 and forced onto a reservation. The largest Comanche raids into Mexico took place from 1840 to the mid-1850s, after which they declined in size and intensity. When the US Army invaded northern Mexico in 1846 during the Mexican–American War, the region was devastated. The Comanche raids were sparked by the declining military capability of Mexico during the turbulent years after it gained independence in 1821, as well as a large and growing market in the United States for stolen Mexican horses and cattle. The Comanche and their Kiowa and Kiowa Apache allies carried out large-scale raids hundreds of miles deep into Mexico killing thousands of people and stealing hundreds of thousands of cattle and horses.
#Comanche empire series
The Comanche–Mexico Wars was the Mexican theater of the Comanche Wars, a series of conflicts from 1821 to 1870. Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosi.
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